Thompson One Name Study

Recollections of Old Monkwearmouth

• Home • Up •

RECOLLECTIONS OF

OLD MONKWEARMOUTH

ENTITLED:SOME OF THE "MEN OF MARK," IN OLDEN TIMES, AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS,
BY JOHN THOMPSON, 87 NEW BRANDLING ST., Monkwearmouth

IN HIS 77TH YEAR
————
PRICE SIXPENCE
————
SUNDERLAND:
FORSTER, PRINTER, JOHN ST., OPPOSITE COUNTY COURT

SYLLABUS PAGE.

Introduction
Mr. George Hudson
Mr. Wm. Byers
Mr. Thomas Russell
Mr. John Cropton
Mr. John Storey,
Mr. Thompson Oliver's
Mr. Thomas Walker, Spirit Merchant
Squire Stafford
Mr. Thomas Orwin,
Mr. Ralph Preston Robson
Mr. George Wilkin
Mr. Peter Austin
Mr. James Allison
Mr. William Allison
Mr. Thomas Speeding
Mr. Robert Ayre
Mr. Cuthbert Pattison
Mr. Wm. Wealands Robson, Sen.
Mr. John Smith
Mr. William Thompson
Hugh Smith

RECOLLECTIONS OF OLD MONKWEARMOUTH
Entitled — Some of the "Men of Mark" in Monkwearmouth in olden times, and their surroundings.

BY JOHN THOMPSON
————

Introduction

It will be scarcely disputed when I say, that no country has ever been so distinguished in the commercial world as Great Britain is to day, her ships and her traders are to be found in almost every habitable part of the globe which possesses such skill, indeed the race, energy, enterprise and indomitable courage, is pre-eminently fitted to lead the van in every branch of trade and commerce in all quarters of the world. We need not go far to prove this assertion, the little creek (as it was formerly called) known all over the world as the river Wear has in the past, also the present, done much to accomplish this fact, for there are nowhere to be found men of greater enterprising and pushing qualities than the Sons of the Wear, if we measure it by the new fangled sport and pastime of football which has become so exceedingly popular, though so recently introduced throughout Great Britain, the Sunderland Team whose headquarters is their large and commodious grounds at Monkwearmouth, the chief support of which is their popular President, Robert Thompson, Esq., J.P. of the West House, Fulwell, lead the van against all comers. The President is a worthy descendant of such men as we have had in the past, and a type of those that will be introduced in those pages to the notice of my readers; a class that has always existed in our ancient Borough. The little work I venture to place before my fellow townsmen is entitled: "Some of the Men of Mark" in Monkwearmouth in olden times. For has it not always been the case that when British Commerce, the English language, and her enterprising sons have found their way and pushed their peaceful conquests, all that is noblest and best in the British character has followed. At least this part of the country owes very much to them for their enterprise, their integrity, and their perseverance, confining my attention therefore to our own townsmen, and to me who have made their mark in the annals of the present century, we shall see amongst them characters worthy of imitation "which being dead yet speak" many of them as we shall see were of humble origin. The first to mention is

Mr. George Hudson

who resided the great part of his live in a small gravel coat-fronted house No. 113 Church Street, Monkwearmouth, which still remains as in its former state. He was tall in stature, slightly built, most regular in his habits, seldom seen in conversation or in company with any person outside his own office or place of business, he was very fond of pedestrian exercises especially on business as to the fair sex, seldom if ever he took notice of them in his travels, he was never married; for it seems that his sister Margaret and he had entered into an holy alliance never to enter the matrimonial pathway come what may. Margaret who was the oldest was born August 18th, 1791, and died September 17th, 1874. Mr. Hudson was one of the front rank shipowners in the north side, one might almost say in the entire town, when I was a boy he owned a fleet of vessels, the Minerva, Nelson, Wear, Providence, Northumberland, Eaolus, Grange, and Peace, some of which were employed in the coal trade, others in the timber trade and foreign trade. Another profitable trade he speculated in was that of ropemaking, starting a ropery near the "Babbies" and leading down Fulwell Road, and when in the prime of live he devoted a large amount of time and labour to this establishment, which resulted in a large trade, he was a shrewd painstaking and successful man in all that he took in hand, and was widely known in the commercial world. Finding years creeping on he partially retired from active interest in his business, and bought the Grange Estate, Newcastle Road, Monkwearmouth, as his country seat, an estate of no small value. The old ancient Hall and Grounds was laid out in splendid style, differing to what it did when occupied by the late Mr. John Laing, a famous shipbuilder, and uncle to Mr James Laing, of Deptford Shipbuilding Yard, here Mr. Hudson spent much of his spare time, seldom known to hospitably entertain in this fine old Mansion any company. Mr. Hudson was born on December 13th, 1800, died at the Grange on May 8th, 1884, having nearly reached the patriarchial age of 84 years. The remains of Mr. Hudson and his sister Margaret are deposited in the vault at the Mere Knolls Cemetery, a sum being provided for in his Will to the Board for the due performance in keeping it in good order, including also the family vault in the Old Churchyard. Previous to his death it is evident he had made provision by Will for the disposal of the wealth he had amassed, very few were known to be related to him, his Will was made at a time when everything was in its proper course, taking care not to forget his old and faithful servants of both sexes, to most of them he gave a life annuity. What was the full amount of that wealth or at what particular time of his life the foundations of his large fortune were laid down cannot be stated here, nor is it of much importance to know. One thing we do know that at his death a large portion of what wealth was left by him for a most excellent purpose, which is now known as the George Hudson's Charity, for the education, maintenance, and support and clothing of Orphan Boys and Girls between the ages of eight and fourteen years, two thirds being boys, one third being girls, and twenty such boys to be the sons of Sailors of Pilots belonging to the Port of Sunderland, twenty other such boys being Orphan Children, born and living within the limits of the Parish of Monkwearmouth aforesaid. The term "Orphan" to comprise only such children whose fathers is dead or paralized. All applications on behalf of Orphans to be made by a printed form to be had on application at the office 54 John Street and forwarded (post paid) to Mr. Robert Singleton, Superintendent. Passing on to No. 19 Church Street, it was the residence of

Mr. Wm. Byers

who near to the "East House" carried on a profitable business in those early days as a Block and Mast Maker, employing a large number of men and apprentices, also he held the Ropery at the top of Church Street, he was also a shipowner of this Port, on of the ships the name I well remember was the brig Sedulous. In the front of his residence there was a large jargonel pear tree trained up on the front wall, which was remarkable not only for the quantity of fruit it bore; but its quality. Mr. Byers bore an high reputation as an employer, seldom ever swerving from that strict integrity of character which he strove to maintain, ever mindful in doing a fair share of work in the means of his disposal to assist the poor and needy. During the long and severe winters, which was bitter indeed in these gone-bye days when the working class population had to suffer much during those dreary winters, but for such noble minded men as Mr. Byers, did much to alleviate their sufferings, and who took a most prominent part as one of "The Men of Mark" in Old Monkwearmouth, in those perilous times. His adjoining neighbour residence was

Mr. Thomas Russell

who also had a pear tree similarly trained, the quality being equal to the former, tempting as this fruit must have been hanging in clusters, to the young urchins, and not having the town protested by a Police Force at this early period, the wonder was of so few depredations then known to take place to what takes place at the present time. Mr. Russell carried on a similar business as the former on the quay end at the North side Ferry Landing, both these gentlemen were in good sound positions and had earned good names among the inhabitants of the town by the bestowal of many acts of kindness wherever it could possibly be done, and were both always very generous in relieving the wants and necessities of the poor that they could always be depended upon to be worthy of the name they bore. Near was the residence of

Mr. John Cropton,

another of the famous class of Shipowners. One of his vessels I remember so well was the Clara, named after one of his daughters, another, Legatus, and another Aspasio, besides other vessels that he owned were chiefly employed in the timber trade, trading to Montreal and Quebec. The vessels crossing the Atlantic were not allowed by the Clubs in which they were insured to leave the port before the 1st of April. This was a red-letter day on the river Wear, and a pretty sight it was to see so many fine ships dressed up, colours flying and garlands suspended on high between the masts all proceeding seawards: and afterwards cruising under sail to test their sailing qualities too and fro in the roadstead before taking their final departure. The many friends who accompanied them out into the roadstead after taking a farewell were brought on shore by the Steamer in attendance to relate their experiences in the parting of their loved ones, but not before partaking of the "Boiled Beef of Old England, and the cup that cheers," drinking the health and happiness of all on board, with a prosperous voyage to the noble ship, hoping to see the same garland flying in the same place on their return to England's shores, which was an omen of a favourable voyage across and back of the wild Atlantic Ocean. Each vessel strove hard to make two voyages in the time allowed by the Clubs to go there and back, before the month of November set in. Commanders opinions varied as to the route preferable, some taking a southerly direction, while others a northerly one. On the discharge of their last timber cargo, they were taken out on the Insurance Clubs for the winter season, stripped and laid up near the North Quay with their bare masts and yards crossed, giving the river a dismal appearance. A sad occurrence took place in the winter of February 16th, 1828, in connection with this family. The writer, and their son George, aged 8 years, took a stroll from home during the holiday season on that day February 16th, taking Southwick Road for their journey, on reaching the Half Way House, they took a turn in the direction of Burdiss' Lime Kilns, found them empty, as was usual in the winter season, the ground at that time was thickly covered with snow, young George (boy-like) noticing a keel drifting down on the ebbing tide with a man on board, stooped and made up a snowball and threw it at the Keelman from the top of the kilns where they were standing, moving backward so that he might not be seen, forgetting that he was so near the gaping mouth of the empty line-kiln, down he went, no one near him only his companion the writer, who lost no time in giving the alarm, help was soon forthcoming, and George was soon got out from the kiln, but it was quickly seen that life was extinct. The sad news soon spread far and wide, and the remains of poor George were conveyed home as quickly as possible. Such a sad event as this, the sudden death of one so young, so full of promise, cast a gloom over not only the household, but also throughout the whole of the town during the remainder of the festive season just closing. Strange as it may appear there was no inquest held, nor any attempt so far as I can remember to get up a court of inquiry; I ask, would it be the same now? Oh! dear no. Mr. Cropton was a worthy benefactor in all that appertained to the welfare of the working classes, and deserves to be classed as one of the "Men of Mark" in Old Monkwearmouth, living to a good old age, died March 24th, 1872 aged 87 years. Another of the prominent lights was his neighbour

Mr. John Storey,

whose residence almost adjoined Mr. Cropton's, this identical house is now the grocery business of Mr. Anthony Brown. Mr. Storey on arriving in this town in early life was comparatively in humble circumstances, yet much to his credit made rapid progress in his business pursuits, he began to speculated most largely in the Rope and Sail business, the works were right abreast of his residence leading on in an easterly direction towards Roker Banks. After the success that had attended his efforts in this direction, he began shipbuilding at the Sand Point, North Sands, in this also he succeeded most marvellously, and for many years gave employment to a large number of men and boys including able bodied women at the former works already mentioned. On arriving at the zenith of his prosperity, he purchased the estates connected to the large mansion belonging to Squire Stafford, so well know as the "Babbies," the land an plantation extending down Fulwell road. After repairing the estate, he left Church Street and took up his residence at the Squire's mansion, but we have reason to believe that he returned to his former residence in Church Street and died there, he was about 65 years at the time of his decease, and was then greatly reduced in circumstances to a sorrowful extent, he was buried in the old churchyard, so was Mrs. Storey. Mr. Storey was always considered a careful and industrious man, therefore we must not imagine that the adverse circumstances in which he was then placed at the close of his eventful life was brought about by any extravagance whatever, but it was quite the contrary, like others of our business men, he was subjected to fluctuations and changes of the unsettled state of trade over which he had no control whatever. Mr. Storey had shown that he possessed extraordinary powers of business management, not only the rope making and sailmaking business which was an extensive one, and also his large shipbuilding works; but he was also the owner of three or more large ships employed in the timber trade to Canada, the names were the John and Mary, Defender, and Planet, yet notwithstanding the large amount of wealth and property he had accumulated during his career, yet as we have said he had to a large extent to part with it ere he changed worlds. While he had the means, Mrs. Storey was known to be very mindful of the poor, supplying their wants liberally and cheerfully, the poor of the neighbourhood lost at their deaths useful benefactors, and the working classes in so many branches of trade sustained in like manner a severe loss for Mr. Storey was well known to the writer, and was always one of the best employers of labour, and was entitled to take front rank among the "Men of Mark" of Monkwearmouth in olden times, and which life has helped to make our town what it is to-day. Some years after the late Mr. Robert Thompson had fulfilled the duties as manager at the Patent Slip and Sawmill at Jarrow, he was induced by Mr. John Storey, Shipbuilder and Roper of North Sands to return to his Native town, and undertake the management of his yard, and in which the late Mr. Joseph L. Thompson, and his brother John commenced their apprenticeships in Nov. 1836. The entire North Sands is now occupied by the three sons of the late Mr. Joseph L. Thompson, whilst the elder son of Mr. Robert, the senior member of the firm has recently began his apprenticeship at the North Sands Shipyard. It will thus be noticed that there are no less than three firms of Wear Shipbuilders, who have entered the fourth generation of their business of shipbuilding, viz., Mr. James Laing, Mr. S.P. Austin, and Messrs. Joseph L. Thompson and Sons.

Mr. Thompson Oliver's

claim to a part in this brief work cannot be overlooked. He followed the same trade as Mr. Storey, their roperies adjoining each other. Mr. Thompson Oliver was one of the first residents in Lower Dundas Street, that being then a fashionable spot where dwelt those in higher ranks of society. Mr. Oliver was rather short of stature. When in the prime of life was as quick in his movements, as in business matters, not only the ropery did he take management of, but was also one of our celebrated Shipowners. I remember well, one of his fine brigs called the Progress, invariably employed as an Holland Trader. In religious matters he was very earnest, taking a lively interest in the welfare of the Barclay Street Baptist Church, and at his decease was greatly missed, not only by this Church, but by a large number of all ranks and conditions of men, women, and children, with whom he was ever ready to co-operate for their happiness. He was a native of the old parish, and a good employer of labour, and is entitled to a place among the Leading Lights in the early days as one of the prominent "Men of Mark," of Monkwearmouth. In the same street resided

Mr. Thomas Walker, Spirit Merchant,

who was the first resident in the street, and carried on the above business on the premises know as the Grapes Hotel built by himself. Mr. Walker was born at Southwick; in stature about the average height, but very slightly built, in his young days he managed to receive a very good education which was very rare to attain, choosing later on for his profession that of a schoolmaster. His scholastic abilities were soon required in another direction, and he eventually became the Principle Clerk at the North Quay Brewery which then or soon afterwards came into the possession of Mr. James Allison. Fortune smiled upon him every step he took, being one of our local shipowners. A few of the names of the ships he owned must suffice, such as the Spring, Thompsons, Ranger, Grace, and Arethusa. Mr. Walker like many others in the early days of our towns history, was one of those self-made men which spring from the humbler ranks of society, and who seem destined to make an important place in the higher ranks of society. Mr. Walker was not a man of words, but a deep thinker and observant to all that was passing, always guarding against entering in public matters; but he was a man of consistent principle, and did his part well by relieving the wants and necessities of the poor to whom he was an acknowledged benefactor, also his wife, a Mrs. Thompson to whom he was, while in the middle age of manhood married. He was another of the Leading Lights who formed the "Men of Mark," in Monkwearmouth in olden times. I come now to a different class of men altogether from those who have been mentioned, one who had never Toiled nor Spun, never known the ups and downs of business life, and one to whom the common saying could be applied, that he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, I mean

Squire Stafford

who was at this period one of the leading lights, and greatly looked up to, I have previously alluded to the mansion at the corner of Broad Street, (now called Roker Avenue) where the Squire resided, surrounded with all that was beautiful and refined to make a life happy and contented, and with a full share of comforts too. The mansion had a massive clock erected on the roof which struck the hours in loud and sonorous tones, and leaden figures of imagery known as the "Babbies" extended from Portobello Lane to the extent of the estate on the walls leading down Fulwell Road to where now stands the Church of All Saints', two of them can now be seen in Roker Park. The Squire was never known to take any part in the management of the town affairs, his whole bent and study seemed to be Cock fighting, it was then as Football is at the present day most popular of the Sports and Pastimes in which all classes of Society (more or less) delight to indulge in. The Squire was celebrated as a great breeder of Game Cocks, and there were few in those days who equalled him as a breeder (at least in his position) and who took great interest in this brutal game in which Monkwearmouth figured so prominently in days gone by, and big Billy Bainbridge of the "Artichoke," (a near resident of the Squire's) were great friends in this brutal sport, which would not be tolerated at the present day. The writer can well remember having seen the steel spurs put on the birds and the commencement of the struggle in the cockpit yard, and in the raised ring used expressively for that purpose, on some occasions these fights frequently took place in the adjoining yard known as the Fighting Cock Yard, the former was reached through an open as can still be seen at the back of Thomas Street and Roker Avenue. Not long ago an old lady Mrs. Ann Gerry who lived to near her hundredth year told the writer, that when in the service of the Squire during her girlhood days, she remembered distinctly that the squire once won the County Prize, which was a full size Game Cock cast in Gold. He was so delighted at his success that he placed the prize on top of one of the columns of the Babbies unprotected during the day, but of course taken it in at nightfall, so that his neighbours and fellow townsmen might see this unique and valuable prize which he had won, there is no doubt this would be a risky thing to do in the present day. So great was the interest in this man of wealth took, even in the local prize cock in the fights at the Fighting Cock Yard at Monkwearmouth, for he was always found there a prominent figure mixing among all classes of society. The Squire it was true had got the wealth, but what use was that wealth and culture to the people among which he was placed. What a contrast to those worthy sons of Monkwearmouth already mentioned. I cannot think that the life of the Squire was a wasted one, with good opportunities and power for good what he might have done during his long sojourn in the mansion, and the possession of wealth be admitted as a claim to be classed as one of the "Men of Mark," in Monkwearmouth in olden times, I suppose we must (though reluctantly) find a corner for the wealthy Squire Stafford.

Mr. Thomas Orwin,

another of these worthies, whose residence almost adjoined the Squire's mansion, was quite a different stamp of a man to the squire on matters concerning his own interest and the welfare of the town; he was a powerfully built man, well made, and of great height. He had known in his early days, from practical experience what the rough and tumble life of a sailor was, but by thrift and perseverance he had laid by that capital which enabled him to become a shipowner, making another added to that useful class of persons who have been so necessary to the welfare and prosperity of this seaport town. He owned three very fine brigs, the Tiberias, Beaver, and Orwin, all Canadian timber traders. Mr. Orwin's life was one of great activity and usefulness, known to be a great favourite with the men employed on board his ships, because in everything he was reasonable and just. Mr. Orwin lived to a good old age, and died at his favourite residence near the Babbies; which still remains unaltered with its red painted front, in the old fashioned style. Thomas Orwin's perseverance and success in our town entitles him to be classed among the list of the "Men of Mark" that have made Monkwearmouth what it is at the present time. A little further west in this terrace is the residence of a very old standard

Mr. Ralph Preston Robson,

grandfather to the late Wm. Wealands Robson, solicitor, also to Colonel Robson, of Roker, a partner at the North Dock Shipbuilding Company, the father of the two latter being Mr. Wm. Wealands Robson, sen., Shipowner, residing in Whitburn Street. The Robson's of West Morton, in the County of Durham, who came from the North Tyne in the reign of Henry VIII., their pedigree going back to A.D. 1500, is recorded in the Herald Visitation of 1615, and in Surtee's History of Durham. Mr. Ralph Preston Robson born 1762, died 1843, was great great grandson to the first of the family who settled in Monkwearmouth, and great great grandfather to Mr. Allac George Robson, the present head of the family. It may not be generally known that towards the latter part of the last century Mr. Robson purchased the upper end of the terrace abutting Portobella Lane from the estate of Squire Stafford, the thatched houses attached to the farm were then residences of the Farm Servants, and erected on the site a residence, the present building, its equal been unknown in that little township. The house then, as it still appears, has the appearance of having a small house attached to it at each end. Some persons giving it the name of Ralphy's Wing, there was a magnificent lawn in front the full width of the frontage. Mr. Robson resided there for a number of years, and took an unusual pride in seeing the lawn kept clean and in proper order, in his old days he spent much time in this work, always accompanied by a tiny favourite dog which he had at full command. The writer and the writer's father were frequently employed in cutting and rolling the lawn. Sometime after his death it became the Monkwearmouth Dispensary, since extended, and is now the Monkwearmouth and Southwick Hospital, a great boon to the town. Mr. Robson was also the owner of other landed property, in 1827 he built a row of cottages near the old workhouse Portobella lane, they still remain in the same plain old fashioned style, about the same period he owned two very large ships which I well remember, one was called the Belzonia, a barque, the other the Salamis, built expressly by himself for the Mediterranean trade, and launched from behind the North Pier into the Potatoe garth. Mr. Robson in his old days was a short thick set man, peculiar in some of his ways and so very precise in everything around him, in his early days, (we are told) he took a more prominent part in public matters concerning Monkwearmouth, and was much looked up to: but as years rolled along he kept very close in his own domain, seldom, if ever, seen outside, whereas he could be seen early and late on the lawn (weather permitting) spending hours in the open sunshine, shaded with the large elm trees outside, watching every passing movement in the then village of Monkwearmouth, very different to what it is now with its continuous bustle and commotion. I suppose he never contemplated that some day there would be running by his front, a tramcar service permanently fixed. He lived to a good old age, and was a most worthy citizen during his long sojourn here, reasonably he can claim to be considered as one of the leading lights, also one of the "Men of Mark" in olden times and greatly respected.

Another well known figure in old Monkwearmouth was

Mr. George Wilkin,

who lived in the double fronted house directly opposite the Squire's mansion, he was rightly termed a true old English Gentleman by the early inhabitants of Monkwearmouth, the antiquate form of the house seemed to harmonise and fit that well known personage. His peculiar style of dress would no doubt attract the attention of those in the present day much more than in the past, and perhaps would be considered somewhat strange in his appearance, no doubt that he followed the highest fashion and custom of the day, which in my boyhood days was fast disappearing among the gentry, for he cultivated and wore the plaited pigtail of hair hanging down his back, and also wore the ruffled or trilled shirt front which was the fashion at that time, in addition to this when dressed for company he always appeared in velvet breeches and orange or light coloured stockings, and on special occasions he wore silver buckles to his low fronted shoes, the coat and vest were of a sky-blue colour with large silver buttons, the coat swallow tail cut was much in fashion at that period. Mr. Wilkin up to the time of his death had the pride and satisfaction of knowing that he owned among his ships the oldest vessel belonging to any of the northern ports, her name was the Blackbird, with a representation of the bird on a twin painted on her stern. The Blackburn was considered in those early days, to be of large dimensions, she certainly was an unsightly vessel so very high out of the water at the after end, resembling the style of construction during the reigns of Charles II. or James I., any person with the slightest knowledge of ships could easily pick her out from among the other colliers in the roadstead before she entered the harbour. Mr. Wilkin ran her in the coal trade as long as he could find officers and crew to sail her, the condition of his old favourite became so dangerous and unseaworthy that no one cared to take the command of her, she was then stripped and berthed alongside of the North Quay abreast of Mr. John Dickinson's famous engine works where she remained for years, so infested with rats had she became during these years of idleness, that the writer had seen the large holes eaten by the rats through the bottom of the vessel causing her to sink with every tide. It was said (and there is every reason to believe the report) that the owner would not part with his favourite until she had completed her 100th year, and just about that period she was taken to pieces and sold, many of the parishioners securing their bargains out of mere curiosity. The Blackbird and her owner, with their strange old fashioned appearances resembled each other, they were representatives of a period which had passed away, never more to return. Another singular act he performed which fully testified his loyalty to his king and country at the close of the war with France, as can still be seen at the north-east corner of Nelson square, Monkwearmouth, he caused a large stone to be inserted in the corner wall of the block of property he owned, cut out in the old fashioned letters the following inscription

Nelson Square,
In commemoration of the victory obtained by
Admiral Nelson of the French Fleet off the mouth of
the Nile on the 1st. of August, 1798.
This stone was erected by George Wilkin, sen.

Mr. Wilkin was well known to the writer, and though undoubtedly eccentric in his ways, but at the same time he possessed very many good qualities of the good old English gentleman type of character, and may well be considered fit to take his place among the leading lights of Monkwearmouth in olden times, and to warrant him being classed among the "Men of Mark" of Monkwearmouth in olden times.
At the back of the residence of Mr. Wilkin was the Curtain, as it was formerly called, sometimes Curtain square, by others as of late Dixon's square, having an entrance from Church street on the east side, and on the north-west from Broad street, (or Roker avenue) was the residence of many of the higher class of society, very different to day than what it was 70 years ago. It is now let into tenements occupied by the working classes. Among the gentry in former times was the residence of

Mr. Peter Austin

the founder of a family that the people of Monkwearmouth feel proud of. The writer can picture Mr. Peter Austin, with the countenance of meekness and love which showed itself so conspicuous, sitting in his accustomed place at the Whitburn street Wesleyan Chapel; or as he appeared on those great annual occasions when so many of the schools of the circuit assembled in their festivals. He had always a warm heart towards the enjoyment of children, it was a source of keen delight and pleasure when he could minister to the wants of that required his help. There was one feature in his character which perhaps stood out more prominent than others, it was that of benevolence, for he was a type of the early Methodists, trained how to give and what to give, whether in the church or in the town. What, it may be asked, was the foundation and main-spring of such liberality? It was his religion; deeply rooted in his nature, and no man had a keener insight in business matters, and in his later years when he had the valuable assistance of his son Samuel Peter who was a comfort to him even up to old age. The sequel of it was, that he was imbued with love, reverenced his sanctuary, and profited by the means of grace resulting in his future success in worldly matters. When he first entered into business as a shipbuilder, it was in the yard at Nova Scotia, near the famed Dame Dolly's rock, he built there the fine brig the Robert Raikes, for his friend Mr. Thomas Speeding (named after the founder of the Sunday School System) afterwards, and for some time remaining here. In 1829 he took the yard on the North Sands, vacated by Mr. James Allison, his son Samuel Peter (the latter being father to the present iron shipbuilders Mr. S.P. Austin and Stanley Austin, Brothers,) rendered valuable assistance in this department, and was a great comfort and support to his father in his old age; apparently Samuel Peter was born to be a shipbuilder and constructor, the tact to buy and sell and make trade, was fully marvellously developed in this aspiring youth, who seemed to have inherited this trait perhaps more strongly marked than in his father. He had a genius for design and construction, just as Watts had for rhyming, and Sir Humphrey Davy for chemical experiments, his fame spread far and wide, and to-day the firm occupies a high position, not only on the Wear, but throughout the world of Naval Construction. This firm continued building on the North Sands for some years, and at Southwick. The firm being better known them as Austin and Mills, building some fine ships, and employing a large number of men and apprentices, and were celebrated not only for the style of their ships, but for the quality also. In about (it may be) 1846, they removed from North Sands to the Panns Slipway and building yard on the opposite side of the Wear, near the bridge, where they are at present located, they were not long in discovering that a much large class of ship was in great demand, and to meet this they dispensed with the slipway in order to provide a graving dock of large dimensions. The firm is now, and has been for some time past, under the control of Messrs. S.P. and Stanley Austin, Brothers, the surviving sons of the late Mr. Samuel Peter Austin, in point of age the firm is the oldest but one now existing on the Wear, Mr. James Laing, being the oldest. Since the yard has been under the present management, they have gone fully into the construction of the new class of steel steamers and sailing ships of large dimensions, and are now extending their works by taking in the adjoining yard in order to build a much larger class of ships, where they will soon be able to compete with any other firm on the Wear. We think that the late Mr. Peter Austin, and his son Samuel Peter, and the other two sons, must be included in any list of the lights which formed a part of the "Men of Mark" of old Monkwearmouth at a time when such men were much needed.

I may note here that the only son of Mr. S.P. Austin, Mr. Selwin P. Austin has now put on his harness and taken up the work as a shipbuilder, so he is the fourth generation.

Another of the brilliant and speculating lights that shone so brightly in the dark days of old Monkwearmouth, when there was no gas supply, was that of

Mr. James Allison,

who resided in the large residence adjoining Dove's Open, Roker Avenue, at one time it was only a two storey building, but, as can be seen another storey was added in 1827 by Mr. Allison, who also brought out the noble window to some distance on the beautiful front garden, which formed a room in itself. The drawing room above where he entertained at various times so many of the gentry of the surrounding neighbourhood was a fine spacious place, extending the entire width of this large building, beautifully and elaborated fitted. This addition to the residence was, to Mr. Allison necessary, on account of his family steadily increasing; it still stands intact, a spacious model of a comfortable home of the well-to-do classes, unfortunately now let into tenements, I well remember the lovely garden in front, Mr. Allison spared neither money or time in having it thoroughly attended to during the four seasons of the year, seldom I pass but cast a glance of the years past and gone, for it was beautifully laid out and stocked with the choicest plants and flowers that money could purchase; during the summer season the fragrance from the lovely spot was something delightful. The writer when quite a boy assisted his father who was the appointed gardener. Mr. Allison possessed business abilities of a high character, a knowledge of which extended beyond the confines of his native town, for when young he entered fully into shipbuilding at the North Sands, at this yard and under Mr. Allison, the late Mr. Robert Thompson, Shipbuilder, grandfather to the present shipbuilders, North Sands Yard, served his apprenticeship, Mr. Allison having served his apprenticeship as a shipwright under the late Mr. James Hall, Bridge Dock. After his death the works were carried on by his two sons George Wilkin and William Hall. The present Mrs. Allison, wife of Colonel Allison at Roker, is a daughter of the former G.W. Hall, Colonel Allison, son of Mr. James Allison, is now on the retired rank of Honorary Colonel of the 4th Durham Light Infantry, and is now in possession of the high rank of a C.B., the medal being sent by H.M. the Queen, for the eminent services performed, and is also a D.L. J.P. There was also a relation of the gallant Colonel in early times known as Willy Allison, he was a keelman, and on one occasion was taken by the press gang, and afterwards joined the Royal Navy, and appointed to H.M. line of battleship, the Victory, Flag ship of Admiral Lord Nelson, and was one of the Admiral's boats crew. On one occasion on the Admiral landing, the latter received a bullet wound in his shoulder, and on returning to his ship the wound being examined by a surgeon there was no hope of saving the arm. Admiral Nelson gave vent to his feelings to remove the arm, which was taken off in the presence of Mr. Allison. Another novelty now in the Colonel's possession, is that of an ancient relic, an ordinary sized claw hammer which was found on the wall plate supporting the rafters of the roof of the old church at Monkwearmouth, on the church having a new roof in 1806, this relic has been for years in the Hall's family, Nelson Square, since then it became the property of Colonel Allison, and is supposed from where it was found to have been left there on the erection of that ancient fabric, many hundreds of years ago. Mr. Allison, as we have already intimated, showed great promise as a shipbuilder, continuing there for many years, gaining fame as a constructor of some fine specimens of the wooden fleet, which was then the pride of the Wear, and amongst which were the Harrietta, and Cynthia, the former vessel taking her name from a daughter still living. About 1830 Mr. Allison retired from shipbuilding, and took the North Quay Brewery, then vacant, caused by Mr. Robert Holt retiring to enter upon the shipbuilding yard at Jarrow, the late Mr. Robert Thompson accepting the management of that large concern. He was a most pleasant and affable gentleman to approach at any time, always ready with a kind word to give to all inferiors as well as equals in his station of life; as an employer of labour he was all that could be desired, his benevolent disposition was well known in supplying the wants of the poor and needy, his wife with the same disposition, so very kind and benevolent in every good work.

Mr. Allison was elected Mayor of his native borough November 9th, 1844, and again in 1868. It is very pleasant to write an account of the life, however brief, of such a worthy son of old Monkwearmouth whom the writer can well remember, and fully bear out the facts here stated. It is such men as these who are the makers of local history, and who are far more worthy of remembering even in imperial history than some of the persons whose names adorns its pages.
We come to another worthy townsman that of

Mr. William Allison,

brother of the above Mr. James Allison, this gentleman's residence was about the centre of George Street on the east side, a fine old fashioned house, the front of which can still be seen in the plain style; but on the removal of Mr. Allison to Ravensworth terrace, (off Roker avenue) where he died, the estate fell into the hands of Mr. Thomas Speeding, great alterations were made in the re-building, and a large and commodious residence was built on the large plot of land attached, which was formerly laid out as a lawn. Mr. William Allison was an attorney, carrying on the business at offices attached to his old residence on the southern end of the building, which specially set apart, he was a tall but slenderly built man; walking before God in faithfulness, and a man among men; he belonged to Whitburn street Wesleyan Chapel, a class leader there, and a sick visitor, visiting from house to house, giving a kind work to the poor, and the families he visited, not fearing to give of his substance to relieve the necessitous and distressed. The writer knew him to be a thorough christian, upright in all his ways and actions, inside and outside the pale of the church; at his death the poor lost a kind and amiable friend, and in religion he was a true and ardent supporter, may he not, with the strictest propriety be pronounced as one of the brightest lights that formed the "Men of Mark" in Monkwearmouth in olden times. Another gem of our old town was

Mr. Thomas Speeding,

in the youthful days of the writer to whom he was well known, the figure of Mr. Speeding was conspicuous in our streets, who took great interest in his early days in local matters affecting the town, and its commerce, for he was not only a Town Councillor, but afterwards, became an Alderman of this important borough, attending closely to all its duties, he was also President and Treasurer of the Monkwearmouth Gas-light Company, until its dissolution in 1846. In all the improvements, such as the making of the Monkwearmouth Dock, he took an active part therein, he was active in matters connected with the church to which he had been attached from childhood to old age. About the year 1824 it was decided to pull down the Whitburn street Wesleyan Chapel, and rebuild it. Mr. Speeding at this period lived for some years in the house built against the north end of the chapel, subsequently the site was required for the erection of the present schools, he removed elsewhere later on to his newly erected house in George street, where it is said he died. Mr. Speeding began his business life as a sailmaker in premises on the quay end at the north ferry landing, having Mr. Robert Frost as his managing foreman. In the course of years becoming one of the prominent shipowners of the port, one of his vessels was the Robert Raikes, named after the founder of the Sunday School System, which shows how great the admiration of the genial christian was for Robert Raikes and his good work. Monkwearmouth was at this time just rising out of that extreme degradation which had characterised it in the days of Whitfield and Wesley. When Mr. Speeding joined the band of brave men in this part of the circuit, who could be seen wending their way to chapel, whenever the doors were open, and as regular as the Sundays came, and the week night services were held. During week days he was in ceaseless business activity; but on Sundays he was free from this, the services were his delight, the sermons his meat and drink; the hymns his heaven. His life was a uniform testimony to the power and excellence of the grace of Christ; he was a most excellent class leader, the interest he took in the sabbath school was most surprising, it was his great delight even to his closing days, when his lamp became dim through age, he never turned weary in the sabbath school work, but held on to the last, like the Sabbath School Founder Robert Raikes, he was one of the noble band of pioneers in Sunday school work. The name of Robert Raikes always brought a happy smile to the countenance of Mr. Speeding, he was also a very acceptable Local Preacher, taking his country appointments with others, on the plan, extending as Seaham Harbour, greatly assisting the younger class of preachers in their work of labour and love to win souls was his chief delight. The public generosity of the man has been much extolled by our former townsmen, but the writer is fully persuaded from personal knowledge, that his deeds of private benevolence were of a most delicate character, at least equalling, if not exceeding his more public acts of charity. No man was less spoiled by unexpected wealth, or less elated by marvellous attention, and sometime painful flattery, paid by men of rank and influence. He prospered in the worlds wealth, but was uninjured in his honesty, simplicity, and national urbanity, by that wealth. The humblest, whether kinsman or strangers, was a welcome as the proudest or titled could be. Could he but speak out of the ground, he would echo these works, "Not unto us but unto Thy name be all the praise." Following after the Robert Raikes was the Iona, built by the late Mr. Robert Thompson, grandfather to the present builders, on the North Sands yard, which had the honour to be the first vessel that entered the North Dock on its opening, she was steered in by the late Lady Williamson. Another new vessel Mr. Speeding got built was the Jubilee, a noble ship of large dimensions in those days, also many other vessels were owned by him. His son James soon after this began to show unmistakable signs of following the footprints of his father, and assisted much in the sailmaking business upon a much larger scale than his father, and also the steam shipping interest belonging to the port. In the late Mr. Thomas Speeding, including those of his family mentioned, each carried their religion into all the concerns of every day life showing the light that existed among a few in the early days of this ancient parish. It cannot be disputed that Mr. Thomas Speeding, by his acts and deeds, combined with wealth, is worthy of a niche in local fame as a "Man of Mark" in our dear old town. No record, however brief, of a town like Monkwearmouth, whose prosperity is so largely identified with ships and sailors, could exclude a consideration of this remarkable man, which is so interesting, and also the careers of those "old salts," who, by such dogged perseverance have climbed to the height of prosperity, and such a one was

Mr. Robert Ayre,

his old fashioned residence built during the reign of George II. can still be seen in its unaltered state as 34 Whitburn street, nearly opposite the Wesleyan Chapel. He was one of those big and powerful weather-beaten sailors, who, having spent a large portion of their early days on the ocean, and when drawing on towards middle age, settle down on shore. Captain Ayre had succeeded in laying up a fair amount of wealth, which he had honestly earned, and which he soon invested in the shipping interest. In 1832 he had a fine large brig built by Messrs. George and Wm. Hall, at the Bridge Dock shipyard, named the Jane Ayre, called after his wife. It being the custom then that all the apprentices, on the launching of their first ship were to go through the ceremony of "ducking," that is, a plunge into the river as soon as the ship rested safely on the bosom of her future element, accordingly all were placed on the edge of the high quay wall, and without any ceremony made a jump, Mr. Robert Thompson being one of the number, disporting themselves in the water to their hearts content, all being swimmers. On being noticed one of the number had not complied with the rule, still standing on "terra firma," evidently showing the "white feather" for he could not swim like the others, this being the writer, a big powerful apprentice the name of Brown came behind, taking the writer in his arms, deliberately threw him in the deep river like he would a dog, the onlookers finding the boy was drowning, called for Brown to see for himself, at once Brown plunged in, he being known as an expert swimmer, bringing the writer safely on shore to the plaudits of the gazing multitude assembled to witness the Baptism of the young apprentice in the bosom of "Father Neptune." He also had other ships about the same tonnage, running them for some years in the Holland trade. The Captain never seemed to have any taste, nor desire to take any part in public matters, nor yet anything concerning the welfare of the town, his ambition seemed thoroughly bent in taking the entire management of the ships he then owned, and diligently looking after his own affairs, yet could always be depended upon to carry out what he promised, even if it cost him twofold more, he was always considered a sailors friend, never taking the front rank to reduce their scale of pay, he knew too well how dearly they earned their small stipends. One of the qualities this old sailor possessed was a charitable disposition to the poor and distressed, the hard and severe winters which prevailed in those gone-bye days, causing so many ships to be laid up for the winters season, bringing misery and distress to many poor people, he doing a fair share of the work to alleviated their sorrows from the pinching and fierce times that were then so common in this town. He lived to a tolerable good old age, possessing a fair share of this world's goods. It may not be generally know that the wife of Dr. Strachan, of Dundas street was a grand daughter of this venerable sailor, Mr. Robert Ayre, who was a notable figure in old Monkwearmouth, representing as he does a class of men of whom any town might be proud, he must rank as one of the "Men of Mark" in the olden times of Monkwearmouth.

The next notable person to be dealt with, springs from a different class altogether, the last mentioned spending his youthful days on the sea, the one now to be considered on the shore, and here there was a wide difference of their early training, yet it will be seen, they both made their mark in a most marvellous way. I come now to

Mr. Cuthbert Pattison,

better known in early days as "Cuddy Pattison," who resided also in Whitburn street, at No. 104. Mr. Pattison spent much time daily in his well kept garden in front (weather permitting), he had a choice selection of rose trees, shedding their fragrance around during the summer season. Not only in the case of Mr. Pattison, but each householder from the chapel upwards seemed to take a pride and a delight in keeping a well ordered front garden. Very little alteration has taken place in the front part of this house, excepting a shop window has been put in, and there is still the large space of ground in front uncultivated. Mr. Pattison sprung from the stock and descendants of "Saint Crispin." In the early part of his life he toiled early and late in his small shop in Wear street, which is now pulled down, laying the foundation of his future wealth, increasing it by a judicious and well-timed investment in the shipping trade, like so many of his neighbours and intimate friends. Of the two first ships he owned was named the Riga Merchant, the other Scipio, they were both so well employed in the coal trade shortly after the war with France, that it was said, they were like gold mines to their owner. Those vessels, and others, which Mr. Pattison owned were entirely under his own management, strange as it may appear, he soon acquired a large store of useful shipping knowledge, there were few that could surpass him; yet in spite of all his accumulated wealth, his appearance showed plainly the humble source from which he had risen. He was a tall man, slenderly built, and like the former sailor could not be persuaded to take any part in things connected with the town, perhaps it was that he felt his unfitness to take part in public matters; but anyhow, his aim in the past, was the same as at present — to be wholly concerned in looking after his own affairs, which absorbed his whole attention. His benevolence was not extended more than in the ordinary way, nor did he keep any company with those of his friends outside his own domain, or sever attempt to make any show to gain the plaudits of those inferior to him in wealth or position, or the smile and approval of those above him, yet he was considered by some, notwithstanding his failings and shortcomings, a man of position, qualified to be placed among the "Men of Mark" of Monkwearmouth in olden times.

Another of the more excellent class of worthies in olden times is a gentleman who personally, and whose long line of ancestors have been so deeply interested and identified with the best interests of Monkwearmouth, the very name brings back the sweet recollection and association of the past, is

Mr. Wm. Wealands Robson, Sen.

Father to the late Mr. William Wealands Robson, Solicitor, North Bridge street, and Colonel Robson of Roker, (co-partner at the North Dock Iron Shipbuilding yard) those two gentlemen are grandsons of the late Ralph Preston Robson, already mentioned. Mr. Wm. Wealands Robson lived many years at 105 Whitburn street near Mr. Pattison, where most of his family was born. The house at that time had a most respectable appearance, and the residents of the locality then were chiefly of the higher ranks of the town; there is but little alteration in the appearance of the exterior since the occupation of Mr. Robson, excepting what might be expected by the ravages of time, and the change of a different class of residents. Mr. Robson was a true type of English bred gentleman in his appearance, ways, and manners, and he was respected by all who came in contact with him, his life was one of great activity and usefulness, both religious and philanthropic, his benevolence was well known, never to be doubted, prompted and aided in this direction as he was by the partner of his life, who was a great comfort and assistance to him even under the greatest and most pressing difficulties she was ever found at his side. Strange as it may appear the venerable old lady still lives, and resides at Torquay. She was born in the year 1800, being now in her 94th year, and still enjoys good health, and her faculties are unimpaired. Mr. Robson was one of a few on the north side that took a deep interest in the education of the boys belonging to the working class, the deep attention he paid to their education was most praiseworthy, this was at a time when the education of the boys belonging to the working class was at a very low ebb, no Board Schools were then formed, evidently Mr. Robson was 60 years or more before his time, so great was his desire for boys of this class to undergo a training to fit them to be useful members of society, that he carried it a step further, by having the whole of his sea apprentices, when their vessels were laid up for the winter season in the harbour, to attend the school conducted by Mr. George Warren, as well as boarding them out with some poor widow, sleeping on board of their respective ships at night time. The school was held in an old building in the last century by the Freemasons, and later on, at the commencement of the North Side Congregational Church, on the site where now stands the large Marine Engine Works of Mr. John Dickinson, known as Palmer's Hill. Mr. Robson had a great taste for gardening, he had a lovely one at the rear of his residence, in fact it might have been called an orchard, it was so largely stocked with choice fruit trees, the garden was for years under the charge of the writer's father. Mr. Robson's business profession was that of a shipowner, one of his favourite vessels was the brig Wealands, another the Gazelle, and Monica, besides owning other vessels which traded to various parts of the world. He was a most consistent man in all his dealings, few could then be found his equal in matters appertaining to the welfare of others, as to his liberality and benevolence, it has been already stated, that with his good lady's efforts they were in most cases the first to take a leading movement to help any good cause, leaving such a name behind, what as Solomon says: "is to be chosen, rather than great riches." Surely such a man as this deserves to rank with the "Men of Mark" in olden times.

There are two other self made men in connection with Monkwearmouth whose names were like household words to the residents then of our old town, they bid fair at one time to become influential men of that day. This little work would be sadly incomplete if their names were omitted. I refer first to

Mr. John Smith,

better known in olden times "Gentleman John," he sprang from the ranks of the working class, serving his apprenticeship as the "smithy," at Messrs. Hall's Yard, Bridge Dock, some years afterwards he was employed as an anchorsmith by Mr. Roger Lumsden, at the works Wreath Quay, where he remained for many years. Nature has been generous with him for the heavy and laborious work of an anchorsmith, he was in person very tall, of great weight and strength, few there were to be found in Monkwearmouth to equal him in his great muscular power. Being of steady and industrious habits, he managed after a few years to secure the business of a chain and cable smith, the premises of which were then vacant, occupying the site where now stands the Manor Quay Ship Works, after holding those premises a few years, his prosperity developed in a most marvellous manner, which puzzled his friends greatly; the cause of the astonishment was in the speculation he had entered into, purchasing so many vessels then building in different parts of the Wear, some of large dimensions, having them fitted, and thoroughly equipped ready for sea, if not sold, despatching them off as they were built and fitted, to the London Markets, where they, for a certain time remained with a ship-keeper on board in charge until they found purchasers. It was no uncommon sight — for a short time only — to see a mastless ship towed down the Wear to be docked for fitting, and said "she belongs to Gentleman John," the average number of his purchases being one every week, and the writer has every reason to believe this was not over estimated. The position he took in the port was so sudden and unexpected, it took everyone by surprise, wondering wherever he could derive the means to carry on such an extraordinary speculation in buying and selling these costly ships. From personal knowledge the writer had of this wonderful self-made man, there did not appear on the surface anything strikingly particular in Mr. Smith differing from other men to indicate such a wonderful change in habits or abilities, it has been already said, that he had in him great powers of bodily strength, but it is not always accompanied by intellectual vigour. Here the mystery must remain, evidently he had within him all the abilities necessary to carry out his wonderful plans, some have said that he was born to be a merchant, anyhow the propensity to buy and sell was evident; it appeared wonderful to them who knew the antecedents of this remarkable man, to see him climbing so suddenly, and safely landing at the top of the ladder of prosperity, and that "Gentleman John," when reaching the zenith of his success, the most crowning point of his ambition was, when he took possession of that grand mansion "The Babbies," (formerly held by Squire Stafford) where he resided. Having business matters to settle in London, I am told he died there, his remains were brought to the "Babbies," and buried from there, he died on March 14th, 1855, aged 45 years. The following is inscribed on the tombstone where he was buried in the old churchyard, "This stone is erected as a token of respect." His remains were followed to the grave by the numerous workmen and fellow townsmen, amounting to nearly three thousand people. Thus we see that he had hardly reached the pinnacle of fame, than he was compelled to leap into the valley from whence he came. No one could have had a more pleasing and certain prospect in rising, at one time, than Mr. Smith, and many cases could be cited, where he stood by them who were in need, at a time when all was dark and gloomy, as to his benevolence, there cannot be a shadow of doubt of that, it was freely bestowed for it was in his nature, and while had the means he did all the good he could while in that position. Thus we leave this remarkable man, who was greatly missed by all in Monkwearmouth. We cannot conclude the brief history of this most wonderful man, without stating that no one was more justly entitled to take a prominent position among the "Men of Mark" of olden times in Monkwearmouth, than "Gentleman John," so familiarly called.

We now come nearly to the close, but not the least, of the enterprising sons in Monkwearmouth, I mean

Mr. William Thompson,

commonly known in those early days as "Thompson the Baker." There are but few left in Monkwearmouth who can remember this wonderful man as he climbed up the hill of prosperity. Mr. Thompson's business, as Baker, afterwards Grocer, which he conducted for many years in Wear street, near the quayside. In business matters he was almost the same type of man as the one just dealt with, possessing a strong determination to overcome all difficulties that might obstruct his progress in anything he undertook to improve his condition. All his efforts seemed to be absorbed in this: what shall I do to improve my coffers? About the same period as the latter, he began to follow in the same track, and upon a similar scale, though adopting a different course of action in buying and selling new ships, he entered into a partnership with his brother-in-law, Mr. William Pearson, in 1839, as a shipbuilder, near the East House, launching into the Potato Garth, having then Mr. George Booth as foreman which was considered a wise and judicious step to take. The firm built some large and fine ships, but unfortunately at this time a heavy trade depression set in, which greatly affected the shipping interest in all parts of the country, this company suffering beyond recovery for the time being. The writer, with a full knowledge of his early career, and progress in late years, never knew him to possess the good quality of benevolence to any large extent; yet he strove hard to improve his position by the methods he adopted in acquiring wealth, and tried his own peculiar way to do justice to those among whom he was associated, whether in business or social relationship. When Mr. Thompson had nearly reached the goal of his highest expectations, when the great prize of wealth and accompanying attractions was almost within his grasp; the depression (we have been speaking of) snatched away the fruits of years patient toiling, planning, and watching; with its bright promises of high social position in his native town, but reversed it, and like his friend John Smith, he had to suffer the pangs of bitterest disappointment at an age when it was impossible to commence another career. Though he failed in retaining the position to which he had climbed, yet the career remains a remarkable one, and justifies placing him among the list of the "Men of Mark'" of Monkwearmouth, in old days.

I am coming to another once well known man of the old period, he being of the snail type, compared to those named, his position locally being quite the opposite regarding the amount of wealth he had at his disposal, I allude to

Hugh Smith,

the only Town Carter, as far as my memory allows me, that supplied the little town of Monkwearmouth in the carriage of material used in the little building that was going on within its limits at early period. Hugh Smith, as I have said, was a well known personage throughout the town, he was one of those class of persons that never seemed, as far as outward observation goes, to put on any extra effort in the machinery he had in motion to improve his condition, differing so widely to those "worthies" named, that have made Monkwearmouth what it is as the present time. He always seemed so contented with his lot, being one of those happy-go-lucky sort of fellows. The most singular part in the history of our local Cartman was, that his old black horse partook precisely the same nature as its master, never in a hurry, load or no load, always one pace, as his master often said "slow but sure," frequently could the horse be seen turning the corner of Church street into Broad street, dragging a load of sand from the shore, when his master could be seen at the opposite end of the street, in advance, holding his whip in an erect position, seldom using it, as he frequently said it was of no service for he could not get out of the grove he had got into, and the consolation it gave him was: "slow and sure." From the early knowledge the writer had, respecting the horse and its master, was quite sure on this one point, that the former was improperly fed, which was the secret of its long history, the horse was never in a good condition from its earliest career, for it was a mere shadow, working year after year in this emaciated condition, weak and helpless as it was, for the ribs could be plainly country, which left no difficulty in that, as the skin was broken in many parts, which were brought about by two causes — Old age and hard work, combined with a scanty supply of food and nourishment which was of the most vital importance for the strength of the horse. I scarcely need say that there were no Horse Protection Society, in those early days, the owner of a horse could do just as he pleased in keeping the horse in that wretched condition with impunity at the time referred to, happily that day is gone! such disgraceful sights are never now to be seen in our public street, scarcely any notice was then taken by the public to what it is at the present time. I am quite sure that Mr. Hugh Smith was not known to be unkind to his favourite excepting one thing did he lack, by not giving it a sufficient supply of the quantity and quality of food the horse required to keep up his strength, this was the secret of it all, badly fed. The writer can remember the poor horse trying to his duty for so many years, in his earliest days. In 1827 the condition of the horse became so helpless that even to walk, it had to be supported with men on each side to prevent it toppling over, and in this way it was assisted to a vacant field, then opened for building sites to form upper Dundas street, to meet its doom, and on reaching the spot where now stands the Dundas Street Chapel, it had its last fall, so weak and exhausted with the journey. The owner finding that nothing more could be done to bring his old favourite into its former condition, directed the writer to call on Dr. Torbeck, a local surgeon, residing in Whitburn street, know to be fond of his gun, to attend and shoot the suffering animal, which was done to the satisfaction of all present. It was stated at that time, that the horse was known to be over 36 years of age. Strange as it may seem, the carcass was left on the field as it had been shot, for several weeks in that putrefied state, dog fanciers taking what they required, until eventually a hole was dug, and the remaining portion buried. Here I might state, that his stable was in the yard at the rear of the Brandling Hotel, the site on which now stands the Red Lion Inn, Roker Avenue, the entrance of which presented a strange appearance in coming up the avenue, the gateway was entered between two very large jaw bones of a whale, which was common thing to see in those days, they were about 13 feet in height, and enough in width, with its circular form, to admit a large size cart of carriage to pass through. During the demolition of the old property some years ago, I am told those very old relics was carefully removed as a memento of old Monkwearmouth, and deposited at the North Quay Brewery Stores, for safe keeping. It may be interesting to know, this was the spot selected for the public rejoicing on the burning of the star of large dimensions, lit by gas jets, on the first night of the gaslight in Monkwearmouth, was under the whale's bones, at the gateway previous to their removal.

In conclusion, it is hoped that if the readers of this little work experience only a tithe of the pleasure in perusing, that the writer has experienced in recording, then his labours will not have been in vain. Though King, Queen and Statesman may build up Imperial History, it is to such men as I have attempted to sketch, The Captains of Industry, who make Local History, it is these men by the force of character, that have built us the great industrial and commercial systems of country. It is to these "Men of Mark," which exist in every town throughout dear old England, which have made this country of ours the greatest commercial country of the world, and extended prosperity and well being to all.

Forster, Printer, 24 John Street Sunderland

Footnote:

These texts have been copied from negative photographs of the original book which are held by the Monkwearmouth Local Studies Group based at Monkwearmouth Library. In retyping the text, I have kept to the grammar used by Mr. John Thompson but have corrected one or two typographical errors.

Michael Thompson